Doctors had been treating the 68-year-old former film star, who enjoys an almost god-like status in Tamil Nadu. Hundreds of devotees have kept a round-the-clock vigil outside the private hospital in the state capital Chennai since she was first admitted in September suffering from a fever. Their numbers have swelled since her condition worsened on Sunday. Prime Minister Narendra Modi offered his condolences over her demise.
"I will always cherish the innumerable occasions when I had the opportunity to interact with Jayalalithaa ji (honorific). May her soul rest in peace," Modi said on Twitter. Her political party, AIADMK, on Twitter said: "our beloved leader, the Iron lady of India...Amma, is no more."
To millions of her followers, the chief minister was known simply as "Amma"(mother). Jayalalithaa had earned the loyalty of many voters in the state with a series of highly populist schemes, including "Amma canteens" that provided lunch for just three rupees (five cents). She was also one of the country's most polarising politicians, accused of being dictatorial and was even jailed for corruption. Several of her supporters resorted to self-harm when she was briefly jailed in 2014 on charges of corruption.