Finance Minister Malusi Gigaba warned in his speech to parliament in Cape Town that "this is a tough but hopeful budget" as he announced Value Added Tax (VAT) on sales would rise by 1 percentage point to 15 percent. The new rate is the first hike since the end of white-minority rule in 1994. "We have not adjusted VAT since 1993, and it is low compared to some of our peers. We therefore decided that increasing VAT was unavoidable if we are to maintain the integrity of our public finances," said Gigaba. It is hoped that the increase, coupled with adjustments to income tax brackets, will raise some 36 billion rand ($3 billion) for the public purse in 2018-19.
The policy is a gamble for the ruling African National Congress (ANC) as it could hurt its poor and black middle-class electoral base going into elections in 2019. "The current zero-rating of basic food items... will limit the impact on the poorest households," Gigaba said. Social grant benefit payments to the poorest South Africans would also increase above the rate of inflation, he said, to mitigate the impact of the VAT hike. "For the poor its an issue," said University of Cape Town professor Co-Pierre Georg. "If you live on an extremely tight budget and have to count every rand you have, it will affect what you can buy."
Gigaba also announced that duty on luxury goods would rise 2 percentage points to 9 percent and the so-called "sin tax" on alcohol and tobacco products would rise between 6 and 10 percent. Despite being Africa's most developed economy, South Africa grappled with weak growth, ballooning national debt, depressed investor confidence, record unemployment and junk status on its bonds during Zuma's nine-year tenure.
Growth rose to 0.9 percent last year from a paltry 0.3 percent the previous year. Analysts forecast this year's growth will jump to 1.8 percent. The budget's proposals to generate an additional 36 billion rand in tax revenue will be essential to fund free university education for students from low-income families - a policy abruptly announced by Zuma on the eve of his departure from the ANC presidency last year. Under pressure to remove ministers closely allied with Zuma and blamed for aiding state corruption, Ramaphosa told lawmakers on Tuesday that he will announce a new cabinet at an "appropriate" time.