"He was known for conducting rocket attacks, ambushes, guerrilla-style attacks and setting up illegal checkpoints," Colonel Jim Yonts told a briefing.
Taleban insurgents are battling the government army and about 20,000 US troops across a rugged swathe of south and east Afghanistan.
About 1,000 people have been killed in violence this year, most of them militants, but including 48 US soldiers. The governor of Uruzgan province, Jan Mohammad Khan, said Payenda Mohammed was one of the main Taleban commanders in the province and he had been responsible for numerous attacks.