The warning came as the global crisis lender forecast the world's largest economy will grow 2.3 percent this year, and 2.5 percent in 2018, unchanged from the estimates in the January edition of the IMF's World Economic Outlook.
The IMF upgraded its outlook for the global economy this year by a tenth of a point to a sturdy 3.5 percent - the first upward revision in two years.
The fund also reiterated its warnings about the looming threats of protectionism as voters in slow-growing and increasingly unequal Western economies grow more disenchanted with globalization.
The warnings indicated concerns with much of Trump's pledged economic agenda, including the potential dangers of new trade barriers, excessive deficit spending, overzealous deregulation or unduly strict limits on immigration.